I uritsho wemoto, umbono odlamkileyo kwaye ukho kuyo yonke indawo ezininzi izixeko kulo lonke elase-Asiya kunye neenxalenye ze-Afrika kunye ne-Latin America, ingaphezulu nje kwe iindlela zothutho; luphawu lwenkcubeko kunye nenjini yezoqoqosho. Kodwa isandi esiqhelekileyo sokutshiza kwe ukutsha kwangaphakathi I-injini ngokuthe ngcembe idityaniswa, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ithathelwe indawo, yi-hum ezolileyo ye Uritsho wemoto yombane. Eli nqaku liphonononga ihlabathi le uritsho wemoto, ukuvela kwayo, ukubaluleka kwayo, kwaye kutheni utshintsho lombane lubonisa ithuba elikhulu kumashishini kwihlabathi jikelele, ngokukodwa kubaphathi beenqanawa kunye nabasasazi abanjengoMark Thompson e-USA. Siza kuhlolisisa ukuba yintoni eyenza ezi zinto enamavili amathathu izithuthi ziphawula, izibonelelo zokuhamba zombane, kwaye yintoni omawuyijonge xa ukhangela umgangatho ophezulu oritsho bombane ngqo kubavelisi abafana nathi, uAllen's i-tricycle yombane umzi-mveliso eTshayina. Nokuba uzithathela ingqalelo ukuhanjiswa kwemayile yokugqibela, ukuthuthwa kwabakhweli, okanye ukuhambisa, ukuqonda uritsho wemoto imbonakalo-mhlaba ngundoqo.
Yintoni kanye kanye iAuto Rickshaw?
An uritsho wemoto ngokwenene a motorized uguqulelo lwemveli watsala uritsho okanye uritsho webhayisekile. yi enamavili amathathu ikhabhathi ibhayisekile, esetyenziswa ikakhulu njengesithuthi sokuqesha (iteksi) okanye isithuthi sabucala phakathi ezininzi amazwe asakhasayo. Iphawulwa ngumzimba wayo wentsimbi ophumla kumavili amathathu, isistim yokulawula i-handlebar (nangona ezinye iimodeli ezintsha zisebenzisa amavili okuqhuba), kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo uphahla lweseyile kunye namakhethini asecaleni ahlayo, uritsho wemoto yenzelwe ukukhangela okusebenzayo ngokuxinana iindawo zasedolophini. Umqhubi uhlala ngaphambili, ngelixa igumbi labahambi, elidla ngokuhlala abantu ababini ukuya kwabathathu, lisemva.
Ezi zithuthi zisebenza njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo ye izithuthi zikawonke-wonke iziseko zophuhliso, ingakumbi kwi imigama emifutshane apho iibhasi ezinkulu okanye oololiwe basenokungenzeki okanye bangafumaneki. Banikela ngokwentelekiso ixabiso eliphantsi kwaye bhetyebhetye indlela yothutho, ekwaziyo ukuhamba kwizitrato ezimxinwa kunye neemoto ezininzi. Ngelixa ngokwemveli inikwe amandla yi-stroke ezibini okanye ezine-stroke ukutsha kwangaphakathi iinjini (ezihlala zisebenza ngepetroli, iLPG, okanye CNG auto amafutha), utshintsho olubhekiselele kumandla ombane lukhula ngokukhawuleza, ludala Uritsho wemoto yombane.
Uyilo olusisiseko, nangona luhluka kancinci ngokwengingqi kunye nomenzi (Bajaj Auto, UPiaggio, Mahindra ukuba ngamagama abalaseleyo kwimarike yemveli), ihlala igxile ekusebenzeni nakuqoqosho. Zakhelwe ukuba zomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuze zisetyenziswe yonke imihla kwiimeko ezinzima kodwa zilula ngokwaneleyo ukulungiselela ukugcinwa lula. Cinga ngabo njengamahashe okusebenza okuhamba ezidolophini inani lezixeko kwihlabathi jikelele, ngokufanelekileyo ukuthutha abantu kunye nempahla.
Ukusuka kuRitsho otsaliweyo ukuya kwiZimangaliso zeMoto: Imbali eKhawulezayo?
Ibali le uritsho wemoto iqala kudala ngaphambi kokuba iinjini zibandakanyeke. Ifomu yokuqala yayiyi Uritsho otsalwa ngesandla, isuka eJapan malunga nowe-1869. Le nqwelo ilula, itsalwa ngumntu ohamba ngeenyawo, yakhawuleza yasasazeka kulo lonke elaseAsia njengethandwayo. indlela yothutho. Emva koku kwafika i uritsho webhayisekile (okanye i-pedicab), ekhwelise indlu yabahambi kwi- ibhayisekile isakhelo, esenza umsebenzi ube nzima kumsebenzisi. Ezi iitrishaws yanika inyathelo eliphezulu ekusebenzeni kwaye yasasazeka.
I-revolution yokwenyani, nangona kunjalo, yayisisigqibo sokuba motorize i uritsho. Iphefumlelwe yitekhnoloji ye-scooter emva kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, iinkampani ezinje UPiaggio e-Italiya baziqhelanisa noyilo lwabo. I-Piaggio's Ape (igama lesiTaliyane elithetha "inyosi"), eyasungulwa ngo-1948, yayisisithuthuthu seVespa esinamavili amabini ngasemva axhasa ibhedi okanye ikhabhathi - ngokungathandabuzekiyo yayisandulela okanye uphuhliso oluhambelanayo amavili amathathu uritsho wemoto ingcamango. EIndiya, Bajaj Auto yaqala yathengwa kwamanye amazwe yaze yaveliswa kamva amavili amathathu ngokusekwe kuyilo lwase-Italiya ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1950, yaba ngamandla alawulayo kwimarike. Ezi kwangethuba motorized oritsho zibonelela ngesantya esingaphezulu kunye noluhlu kunoogxa babo bamandla abantu.
Uyilo luye lwavela, lusuka kwimida esekwe kwi-scooter ukuya kuyilo oludityanisiweyo lwekhabhinethi. Iinjini zaba namandla ngakumbi, kunye nemithombo yamafutha ehlukeneyo ukusuka kwipetroli ukubandakanya i-LPG kunye CNG auto iinketho, eziqhutywa yindleko kunye neenkxalabo zokusingqongileyo. I uritsho wemoto yamisa indawo yayo kwi inkqubo yothutho yezixeko ezininzi, ukuziqhelanisa neemfuno nemimiselo yasekuhlaleni. Namhlanje, imbali iyaqhubeka kunye notshintsho olubalulekileyo olubhekiselele kwi Uritsho wemoto yombane, ethembisa ikamva elicocekileyo nelizolileyo lalo mfanekiso uqingqiweyo amavili amathathu.
Ngaba i-Auto Rickshaws iyafana neTuk-Tuks okanye iTrishaws?
Ngelixa amagama ehlala esetyenziswa ngokutshintshanayo, ngakumbi ngabakhenkethi, kukho ulwahlulo olufihlakeleyo, nangona umxholo ubaluleke kakhulu. "Auto rickshaw" lelona gama liqhelekileyo kwaye liqondwa ngokubanzi, ngakumbi lixhaphake eMzantsi Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal). Ibhekisa ngokukodwa kwi motorized enamavili amathathu isithuthi ebesixoxa ngaso.
"Tuk-tuk" lelona gama lixhaphake kakhulu ukunxulunyaniswa neThailand, nangona ukusetyenziswa kwalo kusasazeke kwihlabathi liphela njengentetho yonxibelelwano kuyo nayiphi na into. uritsho wemoto. Igama elithi onomatopoeic, kucingelwa ukuba lilinganisa isandi seenjini zokuqala ezine-stroke. Ke, ngokusebenzayo, i-tuk-tuk yaseThai yi uhlobo lwe uritsho wemoto, edla ngokubonakala ngoyilo lwayo oluvuleleke ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iimodeli zaseIndiya.
"Trishaw" ingaba banzi. Ngokwembali, yayihlala ibhekisa kwi uritsho webhayisekile (i-pedal-powered). Nangona kunjalo, kweminye imimandla, ngakumbi imimandla ye-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia njengeMalaysia kunye neSingapore (nangona ingaxhaphakanga ngoku), "i-trishaw" ingasetyenziselwa i-colloquially motorized iinguqulelo. Ngokusisiseko, "i-auto rickshaw" ligama elisemthethweni / lobuchwepheshe, "tuk-tuk" ligama lesiteketiso elidumileyo eliye lahamba kwihlabathi jikelele, kwaye "i-trishaw" ibhekisa ikakhulu kwiinguqulelo eziqhutywa ngamandla kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zinokudibana motorized ezixhomekeke kulwimi lwasekuhlaleni. Ukucacisa, ngakumbi kumxholo weshishini, "i-auto rickshaw" okanye "amavili amathathu" Kukhethwa ngokubanzi, kucaciswe "umbane" xa kufanelekile.
Kutheni i-Auto Rickshaws iyindlela edume kangaka yoThutho?
Udumo oluhlala luhleli lwe uritsho wemoto zivela kwindibano yezinto ezilungele ngokugqibeleleyo iimeko ezingqongileyo apho zikhula khona. Okokuqala, ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nomgangatho imoto iteksi, i imali yokugibela ukwenzela i uritsho wemoto ukukhwela kusezantsi kakhulu, okwenza ukuba kufikeleleke kwicandelo elibanzi labemi. Iindleko zabo zokusebenza (amafutha, ukugcinwa) nazo ziphantsi ngokubanzi kuneemoto, ezixhamlayo abaqhubi booritsho. Okwesibini, zabo ubungakanani kunye nokusebenza luncedo olukhulu kuluntu oluxineneyo iindawo zasedolophini. Bayakwazi ukuhamba ngeendlela ezimxinwa, bahambe kwiindlela ezixineneyo, kunye neendawo ekungafikeleli kuzo iimoto ezinkulu, nto leyo ezenza zilungele ukuhamba. imigama emifutshane kunye nohambo olukhomba ukuya kwindawo.
Okwesithathu, banikela lula kwindlu ngendlu. Ngokungafaniyo neebhasi okanye oololiwe abaneendlela ezisisigxina kunye nokumisa, i uritsho wemoto banokuhlala bethatha kwaye behlise abakhweli kanye apho kufuneka baye khona, benikezela ngomntu iteksi-inkonzo efana. Oku bhetyebhetye kuxatyiswe kakhulu ekuhambeni, ukuqhuba imisebenzi, okanye ukufikelela kwindawo ethile phakathi kwesixeko. Oritsho luhlobo oluqhelekileyo ye uthutho kwinani le iindawo kuba zivala isithuba esibalulekileyo kwi inkqubo yothutho.
Ekugqibeleni, yabo ukufumaneka ngundoqo. Kwi izixeko ezininzi zibonelela ngenkonzo karitsho, ezi nqwelo-mafutha zininzi, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukukhalisa enye esitratweni. Oku ukufikelela lula, kudityaniswe nezinye izibonelelo zabo, kwenza i uritsho wemoto a imowudi edumileyo yezothutho kunye nenxalenye eyimfuneko yobomi bemihla ngemihla kwizigidi. Inguqu ukuya Uritsho wemoto yombane iimodeli zongeza ngakumbi umdla wazo ngokujongana nengxolo kunye neenkxalabo zongcoliseko lomoya.
Zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeRickshaws ezizenzekelayo onokuzifumana?
Ngelixa isiseko enamavili amathathu ingcamango ihleli, oritsho bemoto Iza ngolungelelwaniso olwahlukeneyo olulungiselelwe iimfuno ezithile. Eyona nto uhlobo lwezothutho oluqhelekileyo Ingaba i Uritsho wemoto yomgibeli. Ezi ziyilelwe ikakhulu ukuthutha abantu, ngokuqhelekileyo inekhabhinethi egqunyiweyo enezihlalo zabakhweli aba-2-4 emva komqhubi. Iiyantlukwano zikhona kuyilo lwekhabhinethi, ukusuka kumoya ovulekileyo tuk tuk ethandwa kwiindawo zabakhenkethi kwiimodeli ezivaliweyo ngokupheleleyo ezinikezela ngokhuseleko lwemozulu olungcono, njenga iimodeli zethu eziguquguqukayo zombane zabakhweli abathathu.
Olunye udidi oluphambili lu cargo rickshaw. Ezi amavili amathathu endaweni yendlu yabahambi ngebhedi yempahla okanye isikhongozeli. Bangamahashe omsebenzi wokuthutha iimpahla, abadumileyo kumashishini amancinci, iinkonzo zonikezelo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezolimo kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. Amandla omthwalo angahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kuyilo lwemodeli kunye nokusetyenziswa okujoliswe kuko. Imizekelo ibandakanya iimodeli ezivulekileyo zebhedi yothutho jikelele okanye iinguqulelo ezizodwa ezivaliweyo ezifana imithwalo yethu yombane tricycle HJ20 okanye iiyunithi ezifakwe efrijini. Eminye imifuziselo yomthwalo onzima ibonakalisa iindlela zokothula ngokuzenzekelayo kusetyenziso oluthile lwemizi-mveliso.
Ngaphaya kwezi zimbini eziphambili iintlobo zooritsho beemoto, ungafumana iinguqulelo ezikhethekileyo, ezinje ngezithuthi zokuqokelela inkunkuma, amaqonga omthengisi ohambahambayo, okanye ukufikeleleka okulungisiweyo oritsho. Umthombo wamafutha ukwahlula: iimodeli zemveli zisebenzisa i-petroli, idizili, i-LPG, okanye CNG auto amafutha, ngelixa icandelo elikhula ngokukhawuleza lisebenzisa amandla ombane (Uritsho wemoto yombane). Ukhetho luxhomekeke kwisicelo esicetywayo, imimiselo yendawo, kunye nemiba yezoqoqosho efana nokufumaneka kwamafutha kunye imali yokugibela izakhiwo.
Ukunyuka kwe-Auto Rickshaw yoMbane: Kutheni Uhamba Uluhlaza?
Ukutshintshela kwi Uritsho wemoto yombane lolona phuhliso lubalulekileyo kwimbali yesi sithuthi. Iqhutywa kukukhula kokuqonda okusingqongileyo, inkuthazo karhulumente, kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yebhetri, iimodeli zombane zibonelela ngezibonelelo ezinyanzelisayo ngaphezulu kwazo. ukutsha kwangaphakathi abalingane. Eyona nzuzo icacileyo yile ukukhutshwa kombhobho we-zero. Ngokwemveli oritsho bemoto, ngakumbi imifuziselo emidala ye-stroke, inegalelo elikhulu kungcoliseko lomoya wedolophu kunye nengxolo. Oritsho bombane kuphelisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo ekuhlaleni, okukhokelela kumoya ococekileyo nezitrato ezolileyo, nokuphucula kakhulu umgangatho wobomi kwizixeko ezixineneyo.
Iindleko zokusebenza ngomnye umqhubi omkhulu. Umbane ubiza ixabiso eliphantsi ngokwesiqhelo ikhilomitha kunepetroli, iLPG, okanye CNG auto amafutha. Ngaphaya koko, iimoto zombane zineendawo ezimbalwa ezihambayo kwi-powertrain yazo (akukho njini entsonkothileyo, i-gearbox, okanye inkqubo yokukhupha i-exhaust), ekhokelela kwiimfuno ezisezantsi zolondolozo kunye neendleko. Oku kuguqulela kwingeniso enokwenzeka ephezulu ye abaqhubi booritsho kunye nabaqhubi bezithuthi. Oorhulumente ehlabathini lonke bayaziqonda ezi ngenelo, ngokufuthi benikela ngenkxaso-mali, ikhefu lerhafu, nokubhaliswa ngokukhethekileyo kwezithuthi zombane, nto leyo ebangela ukuba utshintsho luhambe ngokukhawuleza.
Ukusebenza kwale mihla oritsho bombane ukwanokhuphiswano. Iinjini zombane zibonelela nge-torque ekhawulezileyo, okukhokelela ekukhawuleziseni ngokukhawuleza, okulungeleyo ukuhamba nokuhamba kwedolophu. Itekhnoloji yebhetri iphucuke kakhulu, ibonelela ngoluhlu olungcono kunye namaxesha okutshaja ngokukhawuleza, ukujongana neenkxalabo zangaphambili malunga nokusebenza. Njengomzi-mveliso osebenza ngokukhethekileyo kwezi zithuthi, sizibonela ngawakho ukungxamiseka kwemfuno ihambelana nokusingqongileyo, umbane osebenzayo, nothembekileyo amavili amathathu. Lo asingomkhwa nje; likamva indlela yothutho kweli candelo.
Zeziphi ezona ziNzuzo ziPhambili kwiShishini leeRickshaw zoMbane ezizenzekelayo?
Kumashishini, ngakumbi lawo abandakanyeka kulungiselelo, ukuhanjiswa, okanye uthutho lwabakhweli, ebandakanyiwe oritsho bombane kwiinqanawa zabo zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezinkulu. Inzuzo ephambili, njengoko kukhankanyiwe, ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza. Iindleko zamafutha aphantsi (zombane) kunye neemfuno ezincitshiswe kakhulu zolondolozo zinempembelelo ngokuthe ngqo kumgca osezantsi, okhokelela kwingeniso engcono ngesithuthi okanye ngesithuthi ngasinye. ikhilomitha wahamba. Oku kubalulekile kwiinkampani ezisebenza ngezithuthi ezinkulu apho ukonga okuncinci kwisithuthi ngasinye kongeze kakhulu.
Okwesibini, uxanduva lokusingqongileyo kunye nomfanekiso wophawu zibaluleke ngakumbi. Ukusebenzisa iqela le oritsho bombane ibonisa ukuzinikela kuzinzo, nto leyo enokwandisa isidima sophawu kwaye ibe nomtsalane kubathengi nabaxhasi abakhathalele indalo esingqongileyo. Kwezinye iimarike, lo mfanekiso "luhlaza" unokuba ngumahluli okhuphisanayo kwaye unokude ufuneke kwiikhontrakthi ezithile zikarhulumente okanye ubuhlakani. Oku kuhambelana neenjongo ezikhulayo zoxanduva lwentlalo yoluntu (CSR).
Okwesithathu, ukuthotyelwa kolawulo kunye nobungqina bexesha elizayo ziingqwalasela eziphambili. Izixeko ezininzi kunye namazwe aphumeza imigangatho engqongqo yokukhutshwa okanye ukuvalwa kokucwangcisa ukutsha kwangaphakathi izithuthi zeenjini kwiindawo ezithile. Utyalo-mali kwi oritsho bombane iqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yangoku kunye neyexesha elizayo yokusingqongileyo, ukuphepha izohlwayo ezinokubakho okanye izithintelo zokusebenza. Ibeka ishishini ukuze lisebenze ixesha elide ekuphuhliseni imbonakalo yedolophu. Ngaphezu koko, ukusebenza okuthe cwaka kwezithuthi zombane kunokuvumela ukuhanjiswa okanye iinkonzo ngexesha leeyure ezithintelwe nengxolo kwezinye iindawo.
Ekugqibeleni, ukusebenza kakuhle kwiindawo zasezidolophini kuyadibanisa. Ukukhawuleza okukhawulezileyo kunye nokuguquguquka kwezi 3-amavili izithuthi, ezidityaniswe nokukwazi kwazo ukuhamba kwiindawo ezixineneyo, zizenza zisebenze kakuhle kakhulu kwimisebenzi efana nokuhanjiswa kweemayile zokugqibela okanye iinkonzo zabakhweli ezimfutshane phakathi kwezixeko. Njengomvelisi, siyila umbane wethu ibhayisekile iimodeli, njenge Van-uhlobo Logistics ombane tricycle HPX10, ngokukodwa ukwandisa ezi nzuzo zokusebenza kumashishini.
Njani ukuba abaphathi beeFlethi bathande ukuzuzwa kukaMarko kwiFleet yeTricycle yoMbane?
Abaphathi beeFleet abanjengoMark Thompson, abathatha isigqibo, abanomgangatho womgangatho, kwaye bagxile ekusebenzeni okuthembekileyo kumashishini abo okuhambisa okanye ezothutho e-USA, banokuzuza kakhulu ngokwamkela. Uritsho wemoto yombane (okanye ngokubanzi, umbane ibhayisekile) izithuthi ezithathwe kubavelisi abathembekileyo. Iinkxalabo eziphambili zikaMarko - uluhlu lwebhetri / ubomi, ukuthembeka kwemoto, umgangatho wokwakha, ukuthotyelwa kokulawulwa, ukufumaneka kweengxenye, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko - ukulungelelanisa ngokugqibeleleyo kunye namandla eemodeli zombane ezenziwe kakuhle kunye neenzuzo zokufumana ngokuthe ngqo.
Eyona njongo iphambili kaMarko kusenokwenzeka ukuba yandise i-ROI yenqanawa yakhe. Iirickshaw zombane zombane jongana ngqo noku ngokusebenzisa:
- Ixabiso eliphantsi lilonke lobunini (TCO): Ngelixa ixabiso lokuqala lokuthenga linokuthi ngamanye amaxesha libe phezulu kunemveli uritsho wemoto (nangona uncedo olukhuphisanayo lunceda), ukonga kumafutha kunye nokugcinwa kubomi besithuthi ngokuqhelekileyo kubangela i-TCO ephantsi.
- Iindleko eziqikelelwayo: Amaxabiso ombane athande ukuzinza kunamaxabiso epetroli aguqukayo (njengepetroli okanye CNG auto). Iimfuno zogcino zilula kwaye azixhaphakanga, nto leyo eyenza uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali luqikeleleke ngakumbi.
- Ukongezwa kwexesha lokuphumla: Ixesha elincinane elichithwa ekulondolozweni lithetha ixesha elithe kratya kwindlela elenza ingeniso. Amalungu athembekileyo anciphisa ukwaphuka okungalindelekanga.
Ukujongana neentlungu zikaMarko:
- Ukuhambelana komgangatho: Ukusebenzisana nomzi-mveliso ohloniphekileyo njengowethu, kunye nemigca yemveliso esekiweyo kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lomgangatho, kunciphisa umngcipheko womgangatho ongaguqukiyo kuzo zonke iibhetshi - umba oqhelekileyo xa kufunwa imveliso kubaboneleli abangamiselwanga kangako.
- Ukusebenza kwebhetri: Sinikezela ngeenketho ezahlukeneyo zebhetri ezilungiselelwe iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zoluhlu kunye neemeko zokusebenza, sisebenzisa iiseli ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezilungiselelwe ukuhlala kunye nokusebenza kuwo wonke amanqanaba obushushu. Ukungafihli malunga neenkcukacha zebhetri kunye nexesha lokuphila libalulekile.
- Ukuthembeka kunye nokuqina: Ugxininiso lwethu kwiinjini ezikumgangatho ophezulu, iifreyimu ezomeleleyo, kunye nokwakhiwa okuzinzileyo kujongana ngqo nemfuno kaMarko yezithuthi ezinokumelana nobunzima bokusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo imihla ngemihla.
- Ukuthotyelwa koMgaqo: Sisebenza nabathengi ukuqinisekisa ukuba izithuthi ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko efanelekileyo kunye nemimiselo yokungenisa impahla kwiimarike ezifana ne-USA, inceda ngamaxwebhu ayimfuneko.
- Inkxaso emva kwentengiso: Njengomzi-mveliso, sinokuqinisekisa ukufumaneka kwamacandelo angasese kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso yobugcisa, ukujongana neenkxalabo malunga nokugcinwa kwexesha elide.
Ngokufumana ixabiso elisebenzayo kodwa elikumgangatho ophezulu oritsho bombane ngokuthe ngqo, uMarko unokwakha izithuthi zala maxesha, ezisebenzayo, nezizinzileyo ezihlangabezana neenjongo zakhe zoshishino kwaye zoyise imingeni eqhelekileyo enxulumene nokuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe ngamazwe.
Ukufumana iirisho zoMbane zoMbane: Yintoni ekufuneka abathengi bayibeke phambili?
Xa kufunwa oritsho bombane, ngakumbi kwiinjongo ze-B2B ezifana nokwakhiwa kweenqanawa, abathengi abafana noMarko kufuneka bajonge ngaphaya kwethegi yexabiso lokuqala. Ukubeka phambili izinto ezithile kubalulekile kwimpumelelo yexesha elide kunye nokuthembeka. Okokuqala nokuphambili Yakha umgangatho kunye nokuqina. Vavanya izinto ezisetyenziselwa isakhelo, iiphaneli zomzimba, kunye nokunqunyanyiswa. Khangela ulwakhiwo olomeleleyo oluyilelwe ukujongana nokuguga kunye nokukrazula kwemihla ngemihla, iimeko ezahlukeneyo zendlela, kunye nomthwalo onokuthi ubekho. Ubomi obude be amavili amathathu kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwintembeko yesakhiwo sayo.
Okwesibini, Amacandelo e-Powertrain (iMoto kunye nebhetri) zibalulekile. Buza malunga nohlobo lweemoto (umzekelo, i-brushless DC), ukulinganiswa kwamandla, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, qwalasela iinkcukacha zebhetri: uhlobo (umzekelo, i-Lithium-ion, i-Lead-acid), umthamo (Ah / kWh), uluhlu lwebango ngentlawulo (qinisekisa ukuba oku kuyinyani kwiimeko zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo), ubomi obuqikelelweyo (imijikelo yentlawulo), kunye newaranti. Umgangatho webhetri uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza, ukuthembeka, kunye neendleko zokusebenza kwexesha elide. Qonda iimfuno zokutshaja kunye nokuhambelana neziseko zophuhliso lwengingqi.
Okwesithathu, Iimpawu zoKhuseleko kunye nokuThotyelwa. Qinisekisa i Uritsho wemoto yombane ihlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko efanelekileyo yemarike ekujoliswe kuyo (umzekelo, iinkqubo zokuqhomfa, ukukhanya, imfezeko yesakhiwo). Oku kubandakanya ukukhangela iziqinisekiso ukuba ziyafuneka ukungenisa kunye nokusebenza (njengeemfuno zeDOT e-USA, nangona imimiselo amavili amathathu inokwahluka). Uthembekile abavelisi boritsho kufuneka icace malunga nokuthotyelwa.
Okwesine, INkxaso emva koThengiso kunye nokuFumaneka kweeNdawo eziSetyenzisiweyo. Umniki-nkonzo othembekileyo kufuneka abonelele ngemimiselo ecacileyo yewaranti kwaye abonise ukuzibophelela ekuboneleleni ngamacandelo angasetyenziswanga ixesha elifanelekileyo. Ubunzima bokufumana iinxalenye kunokukhokelela ekwandisweni kwexesha lokunciphisa isithuthi, okuchaphazela ukusebenza kweshishini. Xoxa ngenkqubo yoku-odola iziqendu kunye nokufumaneka kwenkxaso yobugcisa. Oku kudla ngokuba yinzuzo ephambili yokusebenza ngokuthe ngqo nomntu ozinikeleyo inkampani karitsho okanye umzi-mveliso.
Ukungenisa ngempumelelo kunye nokusebenza kwezithuthi ze oritsho bombane ibandakanya ukuhamba kwiindawo ezininzi ezinzima. Ulawulo loMgangatho yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Njengoko uMarko esazi, umgangatho ongaguqukiyo unokubetha ukuthengiswa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle. Kubalulekile ukuseka imigangatho yomgangatho ocacileyo kunye nomenzi. Oku kunokubandakanya ukukhankanya iimpawu zecandelo, ukucela iingxelo zovavanyo lwebhetshi, okanye nokwenza amalungiselelo okuhlolwa komntu wesithathu phambi kokuthunyelwa. Ukutyelela umzi-mveliso, ukuba kunokwenzeka, kunika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo kwiinkqubo zemveliso kunye nokuzibophelela komgangatho. Iqabane elithembekileyo liya kuba sobala malunga neenkqubo zabo ze-QC.
Ukuqonda iMithetho ayixoxisi. Imisebenzi yokungenisa, iziqinisekiso zokhuseleko (ezifana ne-FMVSS e-US, nangona zisebenza amavili amathathu iyahluka), iimfuno zokuthetha, kunye nemithetho yelayisenisi yendawo / yendawo yokusebenza oritsho bombane okanye iitricycles kufuneka iphandwe ngokucokisekileyo. Yintoni evumelekileyo eIndiya okanye eThailand inokwahluka kakhulu kwiimfuno zase-USA okanye eYurophu. Ukusebenzisana nomvelisi onamava ekuthumeleni kumazwe angaphandle kwimarike yakho ethile (njengamava ethu ne-USA, uMntla Melika, kunye neYurophu) kunokuyenza lula le nkqubo, njengoko behlala beqhelana neemfuno ezifanayo. Ukungahambi kakuhle apha kunokukhokelela ekulibazisekeni okubizayo, ukohlwaywa, okanye ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa izithuthi ngokusemthethweni.
Ukwakha a Intsebenziswano eyomeleleyo kunye nomthengisi ngundoqo kwimpumelelo yexesha elide. Jonga ngaphaya kobudlelwane bentengiselwano. Iqabane elilungileyo linxibelelana ngokufanelekileyo, liyaziqonda iimfuno zeshishini lakho (njengokwenza ngokwezifiso okanye iishedyuli zokuziswa), lisebenza ngokukhawuleza ukulungisa imiba enokubakho, kwaye lityalwe kwimpumelelo yakho. Oku kubandakanya iikhontrakthi ezicacileyo ezibandakanya iinkcukacha, imimiselo yokuhlawula (ukujongana nenkxalabo kaMarko), iziqinisekiso, iishedyuli zokuhanjiswa, kunye nepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda ukuba ulungelelwaniso lubandakanyekayo. Ukuya kwimiboniso yeshishini kunokuba yindlela entle yokuhlangana namaqabane anokubakho ubuso ngobuso kwaye uvavanye ubungcali babo, njengoko uMarko esenza rhoqo.
Kutheni uSebenzisana noMvelisi okhethekileyo woMbane woritsho?
Kumashishini azimisele malunga nokuhambisa oritsho bombane, Ukusebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo nomvelisi okhethekileyo njengathi, umzi-mveliso wakwa-Allen e-China, ubonelela ngeenzuzo ezahlukeneyo ngokufumana uncedo ngokusebenzisa abameli okanye iinkampani zorhwebo jikelele. Ubungcali kunye nokuGxila: Umenzi okhethekileyo unolwazi olunzulu lobuchwephesha malunga nombane ibhayisekile uyilo, ubunjineli, iinkqubo zolawulo lwebhetri, kunye nobuchwepheshe beemoto. Obu buchwephesha buguqulela kwiimoto eziyilwe ngcono, ezithembeke ngakumbi, neziphuculweyo. Siyawaqonda ama-nuances okulinganisa ukusebenza, uluhlu, ukuqina, kunye neendleko.
Ukuzenzela Okunokwenzeka: Ubambiswano oluthe ngqo luvumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu ekwenzeni ngokwezifiso izithuthi kwiimfuno ezithile. Ingaba ilungisa imilinganiselo yebhokisi yempahla, ukudibanisa iimpawu ezithile (njengokulandelela i-GPS okanye ukukhanya okuphuculweyo), ukukhetha iikhemistri ezithile zebhetri, okanye ukubeka uphawu lwezithuthi, umenzi unokuhlala amkele ezi zicelo ngokufanelekileyo nangempumelelo kunomthengisi. Oku kuqinisekisa imveliso yokugqibela, nokuba i imodeli yomkhweli wombane njenge-EV31 okanye ihashe lomthwalo, lihambelana ngokugqibeleleyo nesicelo esicetywayo.
Ukusebenza kweendleko kunye nokuNgafihli: Ukuthenga ngokuthe ngqo kwi-factory kuphelisa iimarkups intermediary, ngokuqhelekileyo kubangela amaxabiso akhuphisanayo, ngakumbi kwii-odolo ezininzi - ukujongana nokukhethwa kukaMarko ngexabiso. Ngaphaya koko, unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo lukhuthaza ukungafihli malunga neenkqubo zemveliso, ukufunwa kwecandelo, ulawulo lomgangatho, kunye namaxesha okukhokela. Oku kwakha ukuthembana kwaye kuvumela ucwangciso olungcono. Siyazingca ngokunikezela ngezinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nolwakhiwo oluzinzileyo ngelixa sigcina amaxabiso akhuphisanayo ngqo kumzi-mveliso kubathengi bethu e-USA, eYurophu nangaphaya.
Inkxaso eHluliweyo: Xa kuvela imiba okanye iinxalenye ezifunekayo, ukujongana ngokuthe ngqo nomenzi ulungelelanisa inkqubo yenkxaso. Kukho iileya zonxibelelwano ezimbalwa, ezikhokelela kumaxesha okuphendula ngokukhawuleza kunye noncedo oluchanekileyo lobugcisa. Siyakuqonda ukubaluleka kokunciphisa ixesha lokunciphisa izithuthi zorhwebo kwaye sibeke phambili inkonzo esebenzayo emva kokuthengisa kumaqabane ethu. Lo mgca othe ngqo ujongana nenkxalabo ephambili kaMarko malunga nenkxaso ethembekileyo yokugcina ixesha elide.
Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha:
- Iiritsho ezizenzekelayo zinezinto ezininzi enamavili amathathu izithuthi, ezibalulekileyo kuthutho lwasezidolophini, ukusuka watsala oritsho ukuya motorized kwaye ngoku iinguqulelo zombane.
- IiRitsho zoMbane ezizenzekelayo zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo: izinto ezikhutshwayo, iindleko ezisezantsi zokusebenza (amafutha, ulondolozo), ukusebenza okuthe cwaka, kwaye amaxesha amaninzi inkuthazo karhulumente.
- Amashishini (ukuhanjiswa, ulungiselelo, ezothutho) anokufumana inzuzo enokhuphiswano ngokusebenzisa Uritsho wemoto yombane izithuthi ngenxa ye-TCO encitshisiweyo, umfanekiso wophawu ophuculweyo, uthotyelo lolawulo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
- Xa ukhangela izinto, beka phambili ukwakha umgangatho, amacandelo powertrain (ingakumbi ubomi bebhetri/uluhlu), iimpawu zokhuseleko / ukuthobela, kwaye inokuthenjwa emva-intengiso inkxaso / iinxalenye.
- Ukujonga ulawulo lomgangatho, intsonkothile imimiselo, kunye nokwakha eyomeleleyo intsebenziswano yababoneleli zibalulekile ekungeniseni nasekusebenzeni ngempumelelo.
- Ukusebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo kunye a umenzi woritsho okhethekileyo wombane njengathi sinikezela ngobuchule, ukwenza ngokwezifiso, ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, kunye nenkxaso elungelelanisiweyo, ukujongana neenkxalabo eziphambili zabathengi abafana noMark Thompson.
Ixesha lokuposa: 04-14-2025
