Ivili loMbane: Ngaphezulu kwecandelo nje, yiNjini yeShishini lakho

Ihlabathi lezothutho kunye nelolungiselelo litshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ungumnikazi weshishini njengoMark Thompson, uqhuba inkonzo yokuhambisa okanye ukulawula izithuthi, uyazi ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka kuyo yonke into. Ukunyuka kwe ivili lombane ayisiyiyo nje intsingiselo; lutshintsho olusisiseko kwindlela esenza ngayo amandla. Le teknoloji yintliziyo ebethayo yezithuthi zombane zanamhlanje, ukusuka kwiinqwelo ezincinci zokuhambisa ukuya kwiilori ezinkulu zemigodi. Eli nqaku lelakho, inkokeli ethatha isigqibo ekufuneka iqonde itekhnoloji eya kunika amandla iinqanawa zakho kwixesha elizayo. Siza kuhlolisisa ukuba yintoni na ivili lombane yi, apho ivela khona, inceda njani ishishini lakho, kwaye ujonge ntoni kwiqabane le-OEM ukuqinisekisa ukuba utyalo-mali lwakho luhlawula.

Yintoni kanye kanye Ivili loMbane kwaye lisebenza njani?

Embindini wayo, i ivili lombane, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-hub motor, yiyunithi ezizimeleyo ebeka i injini yombane ngqo ngaphakathi hub kwe a ivili. Khawucinge ngoko okomzuzwana. Endaweni yenjini enkulu, esembindini eqhagamshelwe kumavili ngenkqubo entsonkothileyo yeegiya, iishafti, kunye ne-axles, umthombo wamandla udityaniswa kanye apho isenzo senzeka khona. Oku ubuhle uyilo yenza lula yonke inqwelo, iyenze ibe khaphukhaphu, ibe banzi ngakumbi, kwaye ngokuphawulekayo esebenzayo.

Umgaqo uthe ngqo: i ibhetri ithumela umbane ngokusebenzisa isilawuli, leyo ke amandla motor kwi hub. Le motor isebenzisa i-electromagnets ukujikeleza ivili ngqo. Ngokuphelisa i-drivetrain yemveli, unciphisa inani leendawo ezihambayo ezinokuphuka, ukuguga, okanye ukulahlekelwa amandla ngenxa yokukhuhlana. Oku kuthetha ngaphezulu kwebhetri amandla iya ngqo ekuhambiseni imithwalo yakho okanye abakhweli, nto leyo etolika kuluhlu olungcono kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokusebenza. Nabani na olawula inqanawa, ukusilela koomatshini abambalwa kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu ngumculo ezindlebeni zabo.

Le teknoloji ayikho nje encinci ibhayisekile yombane; iyakhula kwaye yomelele. Umgaqo ofanayo olawula umntu ibhayisekile inokwenziwa ubunjineli ukuhambisa iitoni ezininzi ukushukuma komhlaba izixhobo. Into ephambili kumgangatho wamacandelo kunye nobunjineli benkqubo, apho ukuveliswa okulungileyo iqabane iba yimfuneko.

Uvela phi uluvo lwevili loMbane?

Ingcamango yokubeka injini kwivili isenokubonakala iyinto yexesha elizayo, kodwa iingcambu zayo zibuyela emva malunga nenkulungwane. Ikhredithi yobuvulindlela ngomlinganiselo omkhulu iya kumqambi waseMelika ogama linguR.G. LeTourneau. Ngeminyaka yee-1920 kunye neye-30s, LeTourneau wayengumboni kwi ukushukuma komhlaba ishishini, rhoqo ukukhangela iindlela zokwakha ezinkulu, ngakumbi enamandla oomatshini. Uye waqaphela ukuba oomatshini bokuqhuba oomatshini bangowona mba ubalulekileyo.

Isisombululo sakhe sasiyi-revolutionary: i-diesel-electric drive system. LeTourneau yenzelwe oomatshini abakhulu abanombindi idizili injini engazange iqhube amavili ngokuthe ngqo. Kunoko, i injini inikwe amandla a ijenereyitha, ukudala umbane. Oku amandla ombane yathunyelwa nge intambo kwiinjini zombane ezibekwe ngaphakathi kwisigebenga ngasinye ivili. Le nkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi LeTourneau yombane ivili, kuvunyelwe amandla amangalisayo, ukutsala, kunye nokulawula kwinqanaba elingazange libonwe ngaphambili. Oomatshini bakhe banokuhambisa iintaba, ngokoqobo, kwaye baba yinto eyimfuneko kulwakhiwo olukhulu kunye emkhosini izicelo ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II.

Yintoni LeTourneau yangqina ukuba ivili lombane Ingcamango yayingasebenzi nje kuphela kodwa iphezulu kumsebenzi onzima isicelos. Inika i-torque eyongezelelekileyo, i-maneuverability engcono, kunye namanqaku abuthathaka oomatshini kunawo nawuphi na umgangatho wokuqhuba. Namhlanje, siphucule le ngcamango, sithatha indawo yedizili enkulu ijenereyitha ngeebhetri eziphambili, kodwa ingqondo esisiseko ye LeTourneauIngcamango ihleli isisiseko semihla ngemihla oem off-highway izithuthi zombane.

Ingaba iMoto yevili loMbane ithelekiseka njani neNjini yesiNtu?

Kumnini-shishini, umgca ophantsi uhlala uqwalasela okubalulekileyo. Xa uthelekisa i ivili lombane Injini ukuya ekutshisweni kwemveli kwangaphakathi injini, iingenelo ekusebenzeni nasekugcinweni zicaca crystal. Injini yemveli yinto entsonkothileyo oomatshini ezinepistons, iisilinda, ii-spark plugs, kunye nenkqubo yokupholisa, zonke ezifuna ukulungiswa rhoqo nokusoloko kubiza imali eninzi.

An injini yombane, kwelinye icala, inendawo enye ephambili ehambayo: i-rotor. Oku kuncipha kakhulu kobunzima kuthetha ukuba zimbalwa izinto ezinokuhamba kakubi. Akukho tshintsho lweoyile, akukho ziplagi zentlantsi buyisela, kwaye akukho zinkqubo zokukhupha ukugcina. Oku kuguqulela ngokuthe ngqo kwixesha eliphantsi lokunciphisa izithuthi zakho kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokusebenza kubomi besithuthi.

Masiyicazulule kwitafile elula:

Ubalo olusebenzayo luyamangalisa. Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-90% ye amandla ombane isuka e ibhetri iguqulwa ibe ngamandla ajikelezayo, ngelixa igesi okanye idizili Injini ichitha uninzi lwamandla ayo njengobushushu. Le mpumelelo ephezulu kutheni eyilwe kakuhle ethembekileyo umkhweli ombane tricycle inokunikela ngomdla onjalo uluhlu kunye nokusebenza ngentlawulo enye. Akunjalo nje ngokuba eluhlaza; imalunga nokuba krelekrele ngamandla akho kunye nemali yakho.

Ngawaphi aMalungu aPhambili eNkqubo yeNdawo yoMbane yokuQhuba iNdawo yoMbane?

Nangona ingcamango ilula, yanamhlanje ivili lombane inkqubo yimveliso yobunjineli obuphucukileyo. Njengomnini wefektri, ndiyakholelwa ukuba kubalulekile ukuba amaqabane am aqonde umgangatho ongena kuwo ukwakha. Kukho amacandelo amane aphambili asebenza kunye ukuhambisa okuthembekileyo amandla.

1. I-Stator: Le yinxalenye emileyo yenjini. Iqukethe i-windings yobhedu eyenza intsimi yamagnetic ejikelezayo xa umbane udlula kubo. Umgangatho wobhedu kunye nokuchaneka kokujikeleza kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwemoto kunye nokuphila ixesha elide.
2. I-Rotor: Le yinxalenye ejikelezayo yemoto, efakwe kwi ivili's hub. Iqulethe iimagnethi ezinamandla ezisisigxina. Intsimi yamagnetic evela kwi-stator isebenzisana nala mamagnethi, ukunyanzela i-rotor ukuba ijikeleze. Amandla kunye nomgangatho wezi magnethi zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo i-torque yemoto kunye amandla.
3. Iibheringi: Iibheringi ezikumgangatho ophezulu zibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ivili ijikelezisa ngokutyibilikayo kunye nokukhuhlana okuncinci. Kwimpahla isicelo, ezi bheringi kufuneka zomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuze zikwazi ukusingatha imithwalo enzima kwaye zingaguquguquki sebenzisa ngaphandle kokusilela. Le yindawo apho ukusika iikona kunokukhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwangaphambi kwexesha.
4. Umlawuli: Le yingqondo yengqondo ukusebenza. Yikhompyuter encinci ethatha igalelo kwi-throttle kwaye ilawula ukuhamba kwe umbane isuka e ibhetri kwimoto. Umlawuli ophucukileyo unokubonelela ngokukhawulezisa okugudileyo, ukunyathela ukuvuselela (okubuyisela amandla kwibhetri), kunye nokukhusela i-motor ekutshiseni.

Xa la macandelo enziwe kakuhle kwaye ahlanganiswe ngokugqibeleleyo, adala i-seamless kwaye enamandla qhuba inkqubo. Ukuqonda oku kukunceda ukuba uqonde ukuba kutheni ingezizo zonke izithuthi zombane ezenziwe ngokulinganayo. Umgangatho wamacandelo angaphakathi yinto eyahlula ihashe elithembekileyo kwisithuthi esiya kubangela ukuba ube neentloko.

Kutheni iTire eLungileyo kunye nobungakanani bevili bubaluleke kangaka ekusebenzeni?

Injini inika amandla, kodwa i itayara yeyona nto idibanisa loo mandla endleleni. Ukukhetha okulungileyo itayara kwaye ivili ubukhulu asiyonkcukacha encinci; sisigqibo esibalulekileyo esichaphazela uluhlu, uzinzo, umthwalo umthamo, kunye nentuthuzelo yomkhweli. Impazamo eqhelekileyo kukungawuhoyi lo mba xa uvavanya isithuthi sombane.

Ngokomzekelo, ngokubanzi itayara ngokuqhelekileyo inika indawo enkulu yokudibanisa kunye nomhlaba, enokuphucula ukuzinza kunye nokuhamba, ngakumbi xa uthwele imithwalo enzima okanye uhamba ngeendlela ezingalinganiyo. Le yingqwalasela engundoqo ye i-heavy-duty electric cargo tricycle. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubanzi itayara kunokudala ukuxhathisa okungaphezulu, okunokuthi kunciphise kancinci ubuninzi besithuthi uluhlu. Konke malunga nokufumana ibhalansi efanelekileyo yenjongo isicelo.

Idayimitha ye ivili (umzekelo, i-16-intshi vs. a 20-intshi wheel) ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo. Amavili amakhulu angaqengqeleka phezu kwemiqobo ngokulula kwaye alondoloze isantya ngobuchule obuthe kratya, nto leyo ebenza ukuba balungele ukuthuthwa kwabakhweli. Amavili amancinci, omelele ngakumbi anokulungela isantya esiphantsi, phezulu-i-torque cargo izicelo apho i-maneuverability in tight edolophini izithuba zingundoqo. Umenzi onolwazi uya kunika iinketho ezahlukeneyo kwaye akhokele ekukhetheni okulungileyo kwiimfuno zakho zokusebenza ezithile.

Ngaba uYilo lwevili loMbane luyakwazi ukuPhatha iMityalo yoMbane oPhezulu?

Lo ngumbuzo endiwuva rhoqo kumaqabane anjengoMarko, kwaye ufanelekile. Umfanekiso wekhaphukhaphu ibhayisekile yombane inokwenza abantu bazibuze ukuba itekhnoloji yomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuba ingasetyenziselwa urhwebo. Impendulo nguewe ogxininisayo. Umthwalo umthamo kwe ivili lombane inkqubo ayimiselwa yingcamango ngokwayo, kodwa umgangatho wayo ukwakha kunye nokomelela kwesakhelo sesithuthi esijikelezileyo.

Imigaqo yokuba LeTourneau esetyenziselwa ubukhulu bakhe ukushukuma komhlaba oomatshini basasebenza. Ukuphatha a phezulu umthwalo, udinga injini eyomeleleyo eyenzelwe itorque ephezulu, hayi phezulu isantya. I-asi, iibheringi, kunye ne ivili umphetho ngokwawo kufuneka wakhiwe ukusuka phezulu-amandla impahla njengentsimbi eyomeleziweyo okanye i-alloys ehlala ixesha elide. Isakhelo sonke setricycle kufuneka senziwe ngobunjineli ukuxhasa ubunzima obuchaziweyo ngaphandle kokuguquguquka okanye ukudinwa.

Kumzi-mveliso wethu, asihlanganisi nje iinxalenye; thina iinkqubo zobunjineli. Sisebenzisa itekhnoloji yokucofa isiqwenga esinye kwiifreyimu zemoto ukwandisa amandla kunye nokuqina. Sikhetha iinjini kwaye sakhe amavili alungiselelwe ngokukodwa iimfuno zomthwalo ogcweleyo okanye ibhayisekile yabakhweli abathathu, imini nemini. Xa yenziwe kakuhle, i ivili lombane ayisiyiyo indawo ebuthathaka; ngundoqo womelele kakhulu kwaye okwaziyo umatshini.

Kufuneka ujonge ntoni kwi-OEM ye-OEM ye-Off-Highway yeSithuthi soMbane?

Kumnini weshishini okhangela izithuthi ezisuka phesheya kolwandle, ekhetha okulungileyo iqabane kubaluleke ngakumbi kunokukhetha okuthile imveliso. Impumelelo yakho ixhomekeke kukuthembeka, ukunyaniseka, kunye nobuchule bomenzi. Njengomntu kwelinye icala laloo ncoko, ndingakuxelela into eyahlula umboneleli olula kwinyani oem off-highway iqabane.

Okokuqala, khangela ubuchule kunye nokungafihli. Ulungile iqabane baya kuba nomdla wokuchaza iteknoloji yabo, inkqubo yabo yokuvelisa, kunye nomgangatho wabo ulawulo amanyathelo. Kufuneka bakwazi ukuphendula imibuzo yakho enzima malunga neenkcukacha zemoto, ibhetri ikhemistri, kunye nokukhangela izinto eziphathekayo. Okwesibini, hlola amandla abo okuqonda iimfuno zakho. Ngaba bayamamela iimfuno zakho zomthwalo umthamo, uluhlu, nemimiselo yasekuhlaleni? Umzi-mveliso ozama nje ukuthengisa a umgangatho iyunithi isenokungabi yeyona nto ifanelekileyo. Ufuna i iqabane ngubani onokusebenza nawe.

Ekugqibeleni, qwalasela irekhodi labo kunye nokuzinikela kwinkxaso yokuthengisa emva kokuthengisa. Cela iimbekiselo, ubuze malunga nokufumaneka kweendawo ezisecaleni, kwaye uxoxe ngemigaqo yewaranti. Ubudlelwane bexesha elide lwakhiwe ekuthembekeni kunye nesiqinisekiso sokuba uya kuxhaswa ixesha elide emva kokuba ukuthengiswa kuphelile. Njengomntu onamava umzi-mveliso weetricycle zombane ezaziwayo, siyazingca ngokwakha obu budlelwane obuhlala buhleli, kuba siyazi ukuba impumelelo yethu ibotshelelwe ngokuthe ngqo kweyakho.

Uqinisekisa njani ukuba ibhetri kunye noluhlu luhlangabezana neemfuno zakho zokuSebenza eDolophini?

I ibhetri yitanki yamafutha yakho isithuthi sombane, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kuyinkxalabo ephezulu kuye nawuphi na umphathi wezithuthi. Isibhengezo uluhlu sisiqalo esihle, kodwa kufuneka uqonde izinto ezisichaphazelayo kwihlabathi lokwenyani, ngakumbi kwimfuno edolophini okusingqongileyo.

Iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeebhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo zi-lead-acid kunye ne-lithium-ion. I-Lead-asidi yitekhnoloji evuthiweyo, engabizi kakhulu, kodwa inzima kwaye inobomi obufutshane. I-Lithium-ion ilula, inikezela ngakumbi amandla kunye nobomi obude, kwaye lolona khetho lukhethwayo kwizicelo ezininzi zorhwebo zangoku. Xa uxoxa ngeenketho kunye nomenzi, buza malunga nekhemistri yebhetri, umthamo wayo (ulinganiswe kwiiyure ze-amp okanye i-kilowatt-iiyure), kunye nenani elilindelekileyo lemijikelezo yentlawulo.

Ihlabathi lokwenyani uluhlu iphenjelelwa zizinto ezintathu: umthwalo, umhlaba kunye nobushushu. Umthwalo onzima okanye indawo enenduli iya kufuna ngaphezulu amandla kwaye unciphise umgama onokuwuhamba. Ukubanda okugqithisileyo nako kunokwehla okwexeshana a ibhetriukusebenza. Umenzi olungileyo uya kunyaniseka kwezi ziguquko kwaye akuncede ukhethe a ibhetri Umthamo obonelela ngesithinteli esikhululekileyo kwiindlela zakho zemihla ngemihla, uqinisekisa eyakho ukuhamba isisombululo asishiyi abaqhubi bakho bexinekile.

Ngaba iiNkqubo zokuQhuba ivili langaphambili okanye ngasemva zingcono kwiiTricycles?

Ukubekwa kwe qhuba ivili- nokuba ngaba ivili langaphambili okanye a ngasemva ivili-linempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwindlela yokuphatha isithuthi, ukutsala, kunye nokufaneleka kwemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Ngelixa a ivili langaphambili inkqubo yokuqhuba inokufunyanwa kwezinye iikhithi zoguqulo zamavili amabini ibhayisekile, ayifanelekanga kwizithuthi zomthwalo ezinamavili amathathu kunye nabakhweli.

Kwiitricycle zombane, a ngasemva–qhuba inkqubo iphezulu kakhulu. Isizathu silula: ukutsala. Xa ulayisha i-tricycle ngomthwalo okanye abakhweli, ubunzima bugxininiswe kwi-asi yangasemva. Obu bunzima bunyukileyo butyhala amavili angasemva ezantsi, kubanika ukubamba ngcono kakhulu endleleni. A ngasemva-i-drive system leverages obu bunzima ukubonelela ukuhamba kakuhle, ukuthintela ukutyibilika kwevili ngexesha lokunyuka, ngakumbi kwiinduli okanye kwiindawo ezimanzi.

A ivili langaphambili qhuba i-tricycle, ngokuchaseneyo, inokuba nobunzima obungaphantsi kwevili layo lokuqhuba, iyenze ithande ukujikeleza, ngakumbi xa iqala kwindawo yokumisa ngomthwalo onzima. Kukhuseleko, uzinzo, kunye nokusebenza okufunekayo kwintengiso isicelo, ivili elingasemva uyilo ngumgangatho wobugcisa. Iqinisekisa i amandla ukusuka kwakho ivili lombane idluliselwa emhlabeni ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo.

ULungisa njani iNkqubo yevili loMbane iNzuzo yeFleet yam?

Enye yeenzuzo ezinkulu zokusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kunye nomzi-mveliso we-OEM likhono lokwenza ngokwezifiso. Indlela yobukhulu obunye ayifane isebenze kumazwe ahlukeneyo olungiselelo nothutho. Ukukwazi ukulungelelanisa izithuthi zakho kwiimfuno zakho ezithile kunokubonelela ngenzuzo ebalulekileyo yokhuphiswano.

Ukwenza ngokwezifiso kungaqala nge ivili lombane inkqubo ngokwayo. Ngaba ufuna i-torque ngakumbi kwiindlela ezinduli okanye ngaphezulu isantya ixesha elide, ukuhanjiswa okucaba? Umenzi olungileyo unokubonelela ngeenjini ezinamaqondo ahlukeneyo amandla ukuze atshatise iprofayile yakho yokusebenza. Ngaphandle kwenjini, unokuhlala ulungelelanisa i ibhetri umthamo ukufumana ibhalansi egqibeleleyo phakathi uluhlu, ubunzima, kunye neendleko.

Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kunabela kuyo yonke isithuthi. Mhlawumbi ufuna ubungakanani bebhokisi yempahla ethile, ishelving, okanye izixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Umzekelo, siye saphuhlisa izicelo ezizodwa ezifana nezothutho efrijini kubathengi abakwishishini lokuhambisa ukutya. Ukuba ne-a iyahambelana inkqubo apho yonke isincedisi kunye necandelo lenzelwe ukusebenza kunye liqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kunye nokuthembeka. Eli nqanaba lokwenziwa komntu yinto onokuyifumana kuphela ngokusebenzisana nemveliso eguquguqukayo nenobuchule iqabane.

Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha

Njengoko ucwangcisa ikamva lezithuthi zakho, khumbula la manqaku aphambili:

• Ukulula ngamandla: I ivili lombane yenza lula isithuthi ngokudibanisa i-motor kwi-hub, ekhokelela ekusebenzeni okuphezulu, ukonakaliswa okumbalwa, kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokugcinwa.
• Itekhnoloji eqinisekisiweyo: Uluvo aluyonto intsha. Yayiqhutywa ngu LeTourneau ngomsebenzi onzima emkhosini kwaye ukushukuma komhlaba oomatshini, ebonisa ukomelela kunye namandla ayo.
• Umba woMba: Umgangatho wezinto zangaphakathi zemoto-i-stator, i-rotor, kunye neebheringi-kunye nobuchwephesha bomlawuli bunquma ukusebenza kwesithuthi kunye nokuphila ixesha elide.
• Ibhalansi ngundoqo: Ekunene itayara kwaye ivili Ubungakanani kufuneka bukhethwe ukulinganisa uluhlu, uzinzo, kunye nomthamo womthwalo wakho isicelo.
• Ukuqhuba ngasemva kwiiTricycles: Ukhuseleko kunye nokuhamba phantsi komthwalo, a ngasemva-ivili qhuba inkqubo ngumgangatho yobuchwephesha yeetriyisekile zombane zorhwebo.
• Khetha iqabane, hayi uMboneleli: Khangela i oem off-highway umenzi onobungcali obunzulu, ukuzinikela kumgangatho, kunye nokuzimisela ukusebenza nawe ukwakha isithuthi esigqibeleleyo kwiimfuno zakho zeshishini.