Kutheni izithuthi zoMbane zaseTshayina zixabiso eliphantsi?

Imarike yemoto yombane (EV) ikhule ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunye neChina ephuma njengomdlali obalaseleyo. Izithuthi zombane zaseTshayina (EVs) ziye zafumana igama lokuba zifikeleleke ngakumbi kunabalingane babo baseNtshona, okwenza ukuba bathandeke kakhulu kubathengi emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa kutheni ii-EV zaseTshayina zingabizi kakhulu? Impendulo ilele kwindibaniselwano yokwenziwa kobuchule, inkxaso karhulumente, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwekhonkco lokubonelela.

1. UQoqosho lwesiGaba kwiMveliso

I-China ngumvelisi omkhulu wehlabathi wezithuthi zombane, kunye neempawu ezifana ne-BYD, i-NIO, kunye ne-Xpeng ekhokelayo. Ubungakanani obukhulu bemveliso bunika abavelisi baseTshayina inzuzo yeendleko. Imveliso enkulu ivumela:

• Iindleko eziphantsi ngeyunithi nganye: Okukhona zithe zaveliswa izithuthi, kokukhona zisezantsi iindleko ezizinzileyo zisasazwa kuzo zonke iiyunithi.
• Iinkqubo ezilungelelanisiweyo: Ubuchule bokuvelisa obusebenzayo buphuhliswa kwaye bugqibelele, ukunciphisa inkunkuma kunye nexesha.

Ngemarike enkulu kangaka yasekhaya, abenzi be-EV baseTshayina banokuvelisa izithuthi ngemithamo ephezulu, beqhuba iindleko kakhulu.

2. IiNkuthazo zikaRhulumente kunye neeNkxaso-mali

Urhulumente waseTshayina utyale imali kakhulu ekukhuthazeni ukwamkelwa kwe-EV, enikezela ngenkxaso kunye nenkuthazo kubo bobabini abavelisi kunye nabathengi. Le migaqo-nkqubo ibandakanya:

• Ukuzuzwa kweRhafu: Ukunciphisa okanye ukupheliswa kwerhafu yokuthengisa kubathengi be-EV.
• Uncedo lwabavelisi: Inkxaso yemali ngokuthe ngqo kubavelisi be-EV inceda ukunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa.
• Uphuhliso lweziSeko ezinguNdoqo: Utyalo-mali ekuhlawuleni iziseko ezingundoqo kunciphisa iindleko kubavelisi kwaye konyusa ukwamkelwa kwabathengi.

Ezi nkuthazo zinciphisa umthwalo wemali kubavelisi, nto leyo ebenza bakwazi ukuxabisa izithuthi zabo ngendlela ekhuphisanayo.

3. Umsebenzi ongeyondleko

Iindleko zomsebenzi e-China ziphantsi ngokubanzi kunamazwe aseNtshona. Ngelixa i-automation idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso ye-EV, umsebenzi womntu usafuneka kwindibano, ukulawula umgangatho, kunye nezinye iinkqubo. Iindleko eziphantsi zabasebenzi baseTshayina zinegalelo ekunciphiseni iindleko zemveliso zizonke, zivumela abavelisi ukuba bagqithise olu londolozo kubathengi.

4. Udibaniso oluthe nkqo kwiKhonkco loNikezelo

Abavelisi be-EV baseTshayina bahlala bethatha ukudibanisa ngokuthe nkqo, apho balawula izigaba ezininzi zenkqubo yokuvelisa. Oku kuquka ukukhangela imathiriyeli ekrwada, ukuvelisa iibhetri, kunye nokudibanisa izithuthi.

• Ukuveliswa kwebhetri: I-China yinkokeli yehlabathi jikelele kwimveliso yeebhetri, ivelisa ngaphezu kwe-70% yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion zehlabathi. Iinkampani ezinjengeCATL zibonelela ngeebhetri ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngeendleko eziphantsi, zinika abenzi be-EV baseTshayina umda obalulekileyo.
• Ufikelelo lweMathiriyeli ekrwada: I-China ikhusele ukufikelela kwizinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-lithium, i-cobalt, kunye ne-nickel, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kunye nokuzinzisa iindleko.

Eli khonkco lonikezelo lilungelelanisiweyo linciphisa abalamleli kwaye linciphisa iindleko, lenze ii-EV zaseTshayina zingabizi kakhulu.

5. UYilo oluLula lokufikeleleka

Ii-EV zaseTshayina zihlala zijolise ekusebenzeni nasekufikeleleni, zijolise kubathengi bentengiso enkulu.

• Iimodeli ezixineneyo: Ii-EV ezininzi zaseTshayina zincinci kwaye zenzelwe ukuhamba edolophini, oko kunciphisa iindleko zemveliso.
• Iimpawu ezincinci: Iimodeli zomgangatho wokungena zihlala zineempawu ezimbalwa zobunewunewu, ezizenza zifikeleleke ngakumbi kubathengi abaqaphela uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali.

Ngokubeka phambili uyilo olusebenzayo nolungabizi kakhulu, abavelisi baseTshayina banokugcina amaxabiso ephantsi ngaphandle kokuthomalalisa umgangatho.

6. Inguqulelo entsha kunye neNkcubeko yeTekhnoloji

Ishishini le-EV lase-China lixhamla kwi-teknoloji entsha ngokukhawuleza, evumela abavelisi ukuba baphuhlise izisombululo ezingabizi kakhulu. Umzekelo:

• Utshintsho lwebhetri: Ukuqhubela phambili kwikhemikhali yebhetri, njenge-lithium iron phosphate (LFP) iibhetri, ukunciphisa iindleko ngelixa ugcina ukusebenza.
• Ukubekwa emgangathweni: Ukugxila kweshishini kumacandelo asemgangathweni kunciphisa ubunzima kunye neendleko zokuvelisa.

Ezi zinto zintsha zenza ii-EV zaseTshayina zifikeleleke kwaye zikhuphisane ngokwemigaqo yokusebenza.

7. Izicwangciso zokuThumela ngaphandle kunye noKwandiswa kwehlabathi

Abavelisi be-EV baseTshayina bahlala bethatha iindlela zokubeka amaxabiso ezinobundlobongela ukungena kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokunikezela ngamaxabiso aphantsi kunabakhuphisana baseNtshona, babamba isabelo semarike kunye nokwakha ukuqondwa kophawu. Ukongeza, ukukwazi kwabo ukuvelisa ngokomlinganiselo kubenza bakwazi ukukhuphisana ngokufanelekileyo kwimimandla ecinga ngamaxabiso.

8. Iindleko eziphantsi zokuThengisa kunye nezokuThengisa

Ngokungafaniyo nee-automakers zaseNtshona, ezihlala zityala imali eninzi kwintengiso kunye nokwakhiwa kwebrand, abavelisi baseTshayina bagxile ngakumbi ekufikeleleni kwemveliso kunye nokusebenza. Le ndlela inciphisa iindleko eziphezulu, ivumela iinkampani ukuba zenze amaxabiso ezithuthi zazo ngokhuphiswano ngakumbi.

Imingeni kunye noRhweboNgelixa ii-EV zaseTshayina zishibhile, kukho urhwebo olunokuthi abathengi baluthathele ingqalelo:

• Iinkxalabo zoMgangatho: Ngelixa ii-EV ezininzi zaseTshayina zenziwe kakuhle, ezinye iimodeli zebhajethi zisenokungafikeleli umgangatho ofanayo okanye imigangatho yokhuseleko njengeempawu zaseNtshona.
• Iimpawu ezilinganiselweyo: Iimodeli zomgangatho wokungena zisenokungabi neempawu eziphucukileyo kunye neenketho zobunewunewu ezifumaneka kubakhuphisana abanexabiso eliphezulu.
• Imbono yehlabathi: Abanye abathengi banokuthandabuza ukuthembela kwiibrendi ezintsha zaseTshayina xa kuthelekiswa nee-automakers zaseNtshona.

Ukuqukumbela

Izithuthi zombane zaseTshayina zinexabiso eliphantsi ngenxa yendibaniselwano yezinto, kubandakanywa uqoqosho lwesikali, inkxaso karhulumente, ukusebenza kakuhle kwekhonkco lokubonelela, kunye neendlela zokuvelisa ezingabizi kakhulu. Ezi zibonelelo zenze ukuba abenzi be-EV baseTshayina balawule imarike yasekhaya kwaye bandise kwihlabathi liphela. Ngelixa ukufikeleleka yeyona nto iphambili yokuthengisa, abavelisi baseTshayina baphucula umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kwezithuthi zabo ukukhuphisana kwinqanaba lehlabathi. Ngenxa yoko, ii-EVs zaseTshayina azifikeleleki nje kuphela kodwa ziyakhula ngokukhuphisana kwimarike ye-EV ephuma ngokukhawuleza.