Kungani Izimoto zikagesi zaseShayina Zishibhile?

Imakethe yezimoto zikagesi (i-EV) ikhule kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje, ne-China ephuma njengomdlali ovelele. Izimoto zikagesi zaseShayina (EVs) zithole idumela lokuthengeka kakhulu kunozakwabo baseNtshonalanga, okubenza bathandeke kakhulu kubathengi emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa kungani ama-EV aseShayina eshibhile? Impendulo ilele ekuhlanganisweni kwesu lokukhiqiza, ukwesekwa kukahulumeni, nokusebenza kahle kwe-supply chain.

1. Umnotho Wesikali Kwezokukhiqiza

I-China ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wezimoto zikagesi emhlabeni, ezinemikhiqizo efana ne-BYD, i-NIO, ne-Xpengng ehamba phambili. Izinga elikhulu lokukhiqiza linikeza abakhiqizi baseShayina inzuzo yezindleko. Ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kuvumela:

• Izindleko eziphansi ngeyunithi ngayinye: Lapho kukhiqizwa izimoto eziningi, izindleko ezingaguquki zisatshalaliswa kuwo wonke amayunithi.
• Izinqubo ezilula: Amasu okukhiqiza asebenzayo ayathuthukiswa futhi apheleliswe, anciphisa imfucuza nesikhathi.

Ngemakethe yasekhaya enkulu kangaka, abenzi be-EV baseShayina bangakhiqiza izimoto ngenani eliphezulu, behlise izindleko kakhulu.

2. Izibonelelo Zikahulumeni Nezibonelelo

Uhulumeni wase-China utshale imali eningi ekukhuthazeni ukutholwa kwe-EV, enikeza uxhaso kanye nemihlomulo kubo bobabili abakhiqizi nabathengi. Lezi zinqubomgomo zihlanganisa:

• Izinzuzo Zentela: Ukwehliswa noma ukuqedwa kwentela yokuthengisa kubathengi be-EV.
• Izibonelelo Zomkhiqizi: Ukusekelwa okuqondile kwezezimali kubakhiqizi be-EV kusiza ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza.
• Ukuthuthukiswa Kwengqalasizinda: Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwingqalasizinda eshajayo kunciphisa izindleko kubakhiqizi futhi kukhulisa ukutholwa kwabathengi.

Lezi zikhuthazi zehlisa umthwalo wezezimali kubakhiqizi, okubenza bakwazi ukubiza izimoto zabo ngendlela egculisayo.

3. Umsebenzi Ongabiza kakhulu

Izindleko zabasebenzi e-China ngokuvamile ziphansi kunamazwe aseNtshonalanga. Nakuba i-automation idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni i-EV, umsebenzi womuntu usadingeka ukuze kuhlanganiswe, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi, nezinye izinqubo. Izindleko eziphansi zabasebenzi baseShayina zifaka isandla ekwehliseni izindleko zokukhiqiza zizonke, okuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi badlulisele lokhu konga kubathengi.

4. Ukuhlanganiswa Okuma mpo Ochungechungeni Lokuhlinzeka Ngempahla

Abakhiqizi be-EV baseShayina bavame ukusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa okuqondile, lapho belawula izigaba eziningi zenqubo yokukhiqiza. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthola izinto zokusetshenziswa, ukukhiqiza amabhethri, nokuhlanganisa izimoto.

• Ukukhiqizwa Kwebhethri: I-China ingumholi womhlaba jikelele ekukhiqizeni amabhethri, ikhiqiza ngaphezu kwe-70% yamabhethri e-lithium-ion omhlaba. Izinkampani ezifana ne-CATL zihlinzeka ngamabhethri ekhwalithi ephezulu ngezindleko eziphansi, okunikeza abenzi be-EV base-China unqenqema olubalulekile.
• Ukufinyelela kokubalulekile: I-China ivikele ukufinyelela ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile njenge-lithium, i-cobalt, ne-nickel, inciphisa ukuncika ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe nasezindlekweni zokusimamisa.

Lolu chungechunge lwempahla olulula lunciphisa abalamuli futhi lunciphise izindleko, lwenza ama-EV ase-Chinese ashibhe.

5. Imiklamo Enziwe Lula Yokufinyeleleka

Ama-EV aseShayina avame ukugxila ekusebenzeni nasekuthengeni, eqondise kubathengi bemakethe enkulu.

• Amamodeli Ahlangene: Ama-EV amaningi aseShayina mancane futhi aklanyelwe ukuya emadolobheni, okwehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza.
• Izici Ezincane: Amamodeli ezinga lokungena avame ukuza nezici ezimbalwa zokunethezeka, okuwenza afinyeleleke kalula kubathengi abaqaphela ibhajethi.

Ngokubeka phambili imiklamo esebenzayo futhi engabizi, abakhiqizi baseShayina bangagcina amanani ephansi ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ikhwalithi.

6. Intuthuko Emisha kanye Nentuthuko Yezobuchwepheshe

Imboni ye-EV yaseShayina iyazuza ekwenziweni okusha okusheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe, okuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bathuthukise izixazululo ezingabizi kakhulu. Isibonelo:

• Ukwakhiwa Kwebhethri: Ukuthuthuka kwekhemistri yebhethri, njengamabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate (LFP), kunciphisa izindleko ngenkathi kugcinwa ukusebenza.
• Ukumisa: Ukugxila kwemboni ezingxenyeni ezilinganiselwe kunciphisa inkimbinkimbi nezindleko zokukhiqiza.

Lezi zinto ezintsha zenza ama-EV aseShayina athengeke futhi aqhudelane ngokusebenza.

7. Amasu Wokuthekelisa kanye Nokwanda Komhlaba Wonke

Abakhiqizi be-EV baseShayina bavame ukusebenzisa amasu entengo anolaka ukuze bangene ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokunikeza amanani aphansi kunabaqhudelana nabo baseNtshonalanga, bathwebula isabelo semakethe futhi bakhe ukuqashelwa komkhiqizo. Ukwengeza, ikhono labo lokukhiqiza ngezinga libenza bakwazi ukuncintisana ngokuphumelelayo ezifundeni ezingazweli amanani.

8. Izindleko Eziphansi Zokumaketha kanye Nezokuthengisa

Ngokungafani nabakhiqizi bezimoto baseNtshonalanga, abavame ukutshala imali eningi ekukhangiseni nasekwakhiweni komkhiqizo, abakhiqizi baseShayina bagxila kakhulu ekuthengeni nasekusebenzeni komkhiqizo. Le ndlela yehlisa izindleko ezingaphezulu, ivumela izinkampani ukuthi zithole amanani entengo yezimoto zazo ngokuncintisana kakhulu.

Izinselele kanye NokuhwebelanaNakuba ama-EV aseShayina eshibhile, kukhona okunye ukuhweba abathengi abangakucabangela:

• Ukukhathazeka Ngekhwalithi: Nakuba ama-EV amaningi e-Chinese enziwe kahle, amanye amamodeli ebhajethi angase angahlangabezani nekhwalithi efanayo noma izindinganiso zokuphepha njengemikhiqizo yaseNtshonalanga.
• Izici ezinomkhawulo: Amamodeli ezinga lokungenela angase antule izici ezithuthukile nezinketho zokunethezeka ezitholakala ezincintisanani ezinentengo ephezulu.
• I-Global Perception: Abanye abathengi bangase bangabaze ukwethemba imikhiqizo emisha yamaShayina uma kuqhathaniswa nabakhiqizi bezimoto abasunguliwe baseNtshonalanga.

Isiphetho

Izimoto zikagesi zaseShayina zishibhile ngenxa yenhlanganisela yezinto, okuhlanganisa umnotho wesilinganiso, ukusekelwa kukahulumeni, ukusebenza kahle kwe-supply chain, nezindlela zokukhiqiza ezingabizi kakhulu. Lezi zinzuzo zenze abenzi be-EV baseShayina bakwazi ukulawula imakethe yasekhaya futhi bakhule emhlabeni jikelele. Nakuba ukuthengeka kuyiphuzu elibalulekile lokuthengisa, abakhiqizi baseShayina nabo bathuthukisa ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwezimoto zabo ukuze baqhudelane emhlabeni jikelele. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-EV aseShayina awafinyeleleki nje kuphela kodwa futhi aya ngokuya ancintisana emakethe ye-EV ethuthuka ngokushesha.